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Monunius ((ギリシア語:Μονούνιος); ruled ca. 290–ca. 270 BC〔http://www.illyrians.org/illyriankings.html〕) was an Illyrian king of the Dardanian State. As a figure, Monunius has left more archaeological traces than historical ones. Monunius was a strong opponent of Macedonia but offered aid of 10,000 soldiers to Ptolemy Keraunos during the Gallic Invasions, which was refused. The Dardanian State headed under Monunius ranked among the strongest in the Balkans at that time. The invasions of the Gauls through the Balkans did not affect the Dardanians as much as the Macedonians while they even whipped out a few of their forces when they return northwards. In 281 BC Monunius entered into an alliance with Pyrrhus. Their joint interests against a strong Macedonia had induced Pyrrhus to accept as his ally Monunius. He is the first Illyrian to have struck his own silver coins after probably gaining control over the Taulantii State and the Greek colonies on the coast.〔The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, page 129〕 The king was buried in the Royal Tombs of Selca e Poshtme in the city of Pelion. A helmet with an inscription in Greek〔The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, page 197〕 letters found in modern Ohrid and silver coins bearing both the king's and Macedonian symbols indicates the inspirations of the Monunius for Macedonia, perhaps in the time of confusion following the Gallic invasions.〔The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, page 146〕 After the death of Ptolemy's death, Monunius might have taken the Macedonian throne for a brief period.〔Papazoglu, ''Les Origines''...〕 Many Dardanian rulers of the same age were named Monunius and there seems to be some confusion〔The Illyrians by J. J. Wilkes, 1992, ISBN 0-631-19807-5, page 146〕 as to whom certain actions and events pertain. It is not known whether the same king struck coins in Durrës and offered military aid to the Macedons. The hypothesis is doubtful because silver coins minted by Monunius bear only the symbols of Durrës and Appolonia, and they have been never found away from the coastal lowlands. However nowadays many attribute these events to the same king. The name of the Dardanian king who offered Macedonia help against the Celts is not known but some have connected him with the Monunius who struck coins in Durrës. ==Gallic Invasions== During the fourth century BC, a Gallic population had settled in Pannonia, in the territory of present Hungry. Many Illyrians tribes had been subdued. About 280 BC, according to Diodorus and Pausanias, they moved in three directions: toward Macedonia and Illyria, toward Greece, and toward Thrace.〔Diodorus (Exc., Hoeschel, page 495-497)〕 The main army consisted of 150,000 foot soldiers equipped with great shield and 10,000 horsemen, was followed by 2,000 wagons transporting food and equipment. All the states of the Balkans looked at this Gallic movement with great apprehension, but Ptolemy, the king of Macedonia, took the news of the approach of the Gauls casually. In 279 BC Monunius offered the young king military aid against the Gauls. Ptolemy looked down with derision on the proposal of the Dardanians, who sent delegates to say that they could offer 20,000 warriors to assist him.〔Justin (XXIV, 4,9)〕 In an insulting manner, he said that the work was for the Macedonians to do and that they who had subjugated all the east, had no need for the Dardanians to protect their borders. Monunius allied with Thrace, had waged a war against Ptolemy for the Macedonian throne short time before the invasion of the Gauls while the true political reason why the alliance was rejected is not known. When Monunius was told of this, he replied that the soon glorious Macedonian kingdom would fall because of the immaturity of a youth.〔Pausanias (X, 19,7)〕 The battle that took place only a few days later resulted in the Macedonian army being routed and the king himself wounded and taken prisoner by the Gauls. The Gauls then made their way south towards the Delphi. Chichorus the commander of the Gauls decided to take them back to their own country along the same route, where more battles awaited them. In the end they were all whiped out by Monunius's forces in the Dardanian State, through which they had to pass.〔Diodorus (Exc. Hoeschel, pp. 495-497)〕 Another variant of the return of the Gauls through the Dardanian State is that the Medii and the Dardanians made peace with the Gauls in return for a part of the stolen gold in the temples.〔Appian (''Illyrike'' 5)〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Monunius I」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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